学术论文写作中如何避免重复————之试验方法部分

实验中常用动词：

extracted, dissected, homogenized, separated, transfer, purchased, dissolved, chronically exposed, sacrificed, housed, deprived of, handled, placed, recorded, divided into, adopted, determine, performed, loaded, downloaded, diluted, performed, obtained, amplified, fused with, cloned into, employed, construct, described, allows, governs, implemented, split into, carried out, harboring, generate, incorporate,

两物之间关系：compare to/with，depend on, based on, relies on, (strongly) associated with/to, related to,

“认为，说明” 的N种描述方式：assume, states, indicated, suggested, demonstrated, considered as

分配描述：respectively, randomly assigned, simultaneously, predominantly, mutually exclusive patterns.

动物处置：anesthetized, decapitated

 

实验过程连接词

介绍实验过程的时候，肯定免不了对实验顺序的介绍。实验有先后，关于顺序的连接词：

Initially, additionally, in addition, moreover, furthermore, hereafter, therefore, consistently, In practice, to this end, subsequently, briefly, then, finally, accordingly, recently, nevertheless, however, indeed,

有时候，在实验方法的过程中，作者还会用实验目的来进行段落之间的连接。让实验过程更有层次性。有关目的连接的表达方法：

To address the genetic burdens, to better understand the association, to test for the presence of sample or data, testing and verification of the presence, to overcome this limitation.

 

数据处理相关

材料与方法中，经常对实验对象（病人、动物等）的实验数据进行评估，非常高频。“评估”的常见表示方法有：

obtained, estimated, evaluated, assessed, measured, examined, investigate, explore, test the sensitivity and specificity of variables, identify, quantify, is characterized by。

实验中常常涉及到对数据处理的部分。那文章中的数据可以有哪些被“处理”的方法呢：

deposited, classified, downloaded, revised, included, removed, normalized, combined, subdivided into, calculated, cross-check, summarized, originated from, described, available, detectable, define, scored, determined, generated with, using, applied with, categorize ... into ..., model, imputed, presented, determined, filtered, processed, background-corrected, normalized to internal controls, quality control, Images were captured, Freshly sorted XX cells, carried out.

数据描述：

High confidence, remarkably high, freely available，

样本描述：

In all examined samples

实验层次描述，生物学中常常分为四个层次：

in vivo是指的活体内，也就是动物模型。

in vitro是指的离体、体外的意思

ex vivo, 指的是活体取材，一部分动物实验完成后取器官，或者指的是体外培养细胞体内的回输实验。

in silico，指的是生物分析实验，用芯片、高通量测序等方法进行生信分析等实验。

 

实验伦理相关

患者知情同意书：participants provided informed consent，Written informed consent

纳入患者：patient recruitment

伦理委员会：ethics committee/institutional review board (IRB)，Ethics board approval ，Institute Animal Ethics Committee.

相关法律法规：relevant guidelines and regulations，

 

根据前人研究方法总结

为了简化对实验方法的描述，精炼文章文字。根据之前文献描述的描述方法/研究：as previously described, in accordance with, complied with, from previously published studies, deciphered using the framework developed by previously, using previously described expression profiles, for some of the previously published samples, Previously published data in peer-review journals, Following previous work.

统计方法描述

在材料与方法的最后一部分，往往是对统计方法的描述。常见统计方法 (statistical tests) 的描述：

t-test, χ2 tests, cox regression, Kaplan-Meier method, the receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curves, one-way ANOVAs, Bonferroni's multiple comparisons test, Mann-Whitney U tests, linear regression tests, Cox regression, variance (ANOVA) for quantitative features, Wilcoxon’s rank-sum test